Thermodynamics: Real Gases and Phase Transitions

This lecture covers the thermodynamic behavior of real gases, focusing on p-V diagrams and phase transitions. It begins with an introduction to the Joule-Thomson effect and its implications for real gases. The instructor explains the differences between ideal and real gases, particularly under varying temperature and pressure conditions. The lecture includes detailed discussions on phase transitions, including vaporization, condensation, freezing, and melting, along with the associated latent heats. The concepts of critical points and triple points are also introduced, illustrating the states of matter and their transitions. The lecture emphasizes the importance of understanding these phenomena in the context of thermodynamics, providing insights into the behavior of substances as they undergo phase changes. Additionally, the instructor presents specific examples of latent heat values for various substances, reinforcing the practical applications of these thermodynamic principles. Overall, this lecture serves as a comprehensive overview of real gases and their phase behavior in thermodynamic systems.