This lecture covers the Quadratic Sieve method for integer factorization, which generalizes to allow for factoring smaller size numbers. The method involves sieving and selecting smooth numbers to efficiently factorize integers. It also discusses the complexity of the Quadratic Sieve algorithm and its application in finding B-smooth numbers. The instructor explains the process step by step, from sieving to selecting numbers to be factored, emphasizing the importance of choosing the right parameters for efficient factorization.