Lecture
This lecture covers the measurement of snow-related variables, including snow properties, energy balance components, and mass balance components. It discusses manual and automated snow sampling methods, snow gauges, precipitation measurements, snow water equivalent (SWE) measurement techniques, and new technologies like optical and electromagnetic measurements. The lecture also explores the challenges and techniques involved in measuring snow-covered area, SWE, snow pillow methods, and airborne gamma radiation measurements for SWE estimation.