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This lecture covers the concept of relative abundance in mass spectrometry, explaining how to use isotopic distribution to determine the number of atoms of an element in a molecule and how to calculate the charge. It also discusses the importance of resolution in mass spectrometry and provides examples of applying the rules of nitrogen and hydrogen to determine molecular formulas. The lecture concludes by highlighting the process of combining mass spectrometry with vibrational spectroscopy to identify functional groups in molecules and determine degrees of unsaturation.