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This lecture covers the activation of T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), focusing on the role of co-stimulation and adherence in the process. It explains the model of the two signals required for T cell activation, the immunological synapse, and the interaction between T cells and APCs. Specific properties of T cell activation by superantigens are discussed, along with the role of co-stimulatory molecules and cell adhesion in stimulating T cell responses.