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This lecture covers the fundamental principles of error correction in data transmission, including the common occurrence of errors during writing, reading, and transmission. It explores examples of using binary codes to communicate directions and emphasizes the importance of adding redundancy to prevent errors. Various error correction techniques such as repetition coding, parity bits, and majority rule are discussed, highlighting the trade-offs between simplicity and cost. The lecture concludes with a detailed explanation of adding multiple parity bits to detect errors more effectively.