Early Embryo Patterning: Morphogens and Genetic Screens

This lecture by the instructor covers the process of early embryo patterning, focusing on the role of morphogens and genetic screens in understanding developmental biology. Starting with the concept of patterning and the maternal-to-zygotic transition, the lecture delves into the use of Drosophila as a model organism for studying embryogenesis. It explores the significance of maternal-effect genes, such as fly, in establishing correct anterior-posterior patterning. The discussion extends to the powerful forward genetic screen conducted by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, which revolutionized the field. The lecture also addresses the role of key morphogens like Bicoid and Nanos in specifying cell fates, highlighting their gradient formation and downstream effects on gene expression. Additionally, it touches upon the concept of morphogens as concentration-dependent molecules that influence cell fate decisions.