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This lecture explores how viruses help us understand the control of the R point in cell proliferation. It covers topics such as transforming retroviruses, transforming DNA viruses, and the regulation of gene expression required for the S phase. The discussion includes the role of oncoproteins, the epigenetic control of the G1/S transition, and the mechanisms by which viruses manipulate the cell cycle. Emphasis is placed on the interaction between viral oncoproteins and key cellular proteins like RB and E2F, shedding light on the molecular pathways involved in cell cycle progression.