Geodetic Concepts: Reference Systems and Projections

This lecture introduces geodetic concepts such as geodesy, geoid, ellipsoid, and reference systems. The instructor explains the importance of defining a global coordinate system, the challenges of defining a system at a large scale, and the types of coordinates used for spherical or ellipsoidal systems. The lecture also covers the difference between geoid and ellipsoid heights, the convergence of meridians, and the need to correct distances between the map and the terrain. The instructor emphasizes the significance of understanding different reference systems for accurate measurements and projections in engineering and environmental projects.