Lecture
This lecture introduces the principles of transposing spatial entities from the geographic space to their cartographic representation, covering observation and representation scales, coordinate systems, and projection systems. It explains the importance of choosing the right scale for mapping, the concept of localization on Earth's surface, the geoid as the irregular spherical surface of the globe, and the classification of projection systems. The lecture also delves into the main families of projection systems, such as cylindrical, conic, and azimuthal projections, and discusses the EPSG code for different projection systems.