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This lecture delves into the intricate world of memory virtualization, exploring how modern operating systems achieve memory virtualization through the clever use of naming and abstraction. The instructor explains the importance of address spaces, page tables, caching, and system design constants in optimizing memory performance and reliability. The lecture also covers the role of the Memory Management Unit (MMU) in translating virtual addresses to physical addresses, the concept of virtual memory, and the significance of TLBs in reducing the overhead of virtual-to-physical address translation. Additionally, the lecture touches upon cache structures, aliasing problems, and the trade-offs involved in designing memory systems.