Covers the introduction to fluorescence in microscopy, labeling techniques, specificity of markers, multi-color imaging, and factors affecting fluorescence properties.
Introduces optical methods in chemistry, covering ray optics, lasers, spectroscopy, and X-ray physics, emphasizing light-matter interactions and Nobel Prize-winning advancements.
Explores the historical perspective, properties, and applications of X-rays, including diffraction, atomic resolution, and spectral colors of elements.
