This lecture covers the principles and technologies behind X-ray detection, including direct and indirect detection methods using semiconductor diodes and scintillators. It discusses the performance metrics of X-ray detectors, such as conversion efficiency and refractive index, as well as the use of different materials like a-Se and CdTe. The lecture also explores the application of X-ray detection in PET scanners for cancer cell imaging, emphasizing the need for fast detectors. Additionally, it delves into the development of large-area sensors for particle detection, focusing on a-Si:H and TFA technology for high radiation hardness and spatial resolution.