This lecture covers various types of flow instabilities, including Vortex shedding, Saffman-Taylor, Flow separation, Tollmien-Schlichting, Rayleigh-Taylor, Lift-up and Streaks, Traffic waves, Meandering instability, Gravito-capillary waves, Taylor-Couette, Rayleigh-Plateau, Tearing instability, Rayleigh-Benard, Coiling instability, Benard-Marangoni Kelvin-Helmholtz. It also delves into the analysis of instability mechanisms, equations, boundary conditions, base state, linearized equations, normal mode expansion, dispersion relation, and the Rayleigh criterion.