This lecture introduces the fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++, covering concepts such as encapsulation, abstraction, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and more. The instructor explains how OOP structures data and processes in a program, the benefits and drawbacks of OOP, and provides examples of OOP languages like Smalltalk, Objective-C, Python, Java, and C#. The lecture also includes a case study on modeling a player in C++, demonstrating the implementation of classes, instances, attributes, methods, constructors, and destructors.