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This lecture explores the Kaya decomposition method to analyze CO2 emissions, focusing on the factors influencing global emissions growth, energy use improvements, and the impact of economic and population growth. It also delves into specific examples of Kaya decomposition for heating and mobility, showcasing how different variables contribute to overall emissions. The analysis extends to Swiss contexts, examining the decomposition of energy consumption in housing and motor fuel consumption. The lecture concludes by discussing the implications of IPAT and Kaya decompositions in understanding the environmental impacts of demographics, economic growth, and technological choices on CO2 emissions.