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This lecture by David Ron discusses the post-translational regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. Topics include ER chaperones, ER-associated degradation, the role of BiP in preventing protein aggregation, and the regulation of ER proteostasis via the activity of ER Hsp70 BiP. The lecture delves into BiP oligomerization, covalent modifications of BiP, and the impact of ER stress on BiP modification. It also covers the AMPylation of BiP by FICD, the regulation of BiP activity, and the parallels between FICD-mediated AMPylation and UPR signaling. The lecture concludes with open questions regarding the tradeoffs in ER regulatory processes and the emergence of these processes in the ER environment.