This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of physics related to the motion of objects in a plane. It starts by introducing the importance of understanding the properties of matter and the laws governing the world around us. The lecture then delves into topics such as the comparison of physical quantities, the concept of density, and the characteristics of materials. It also explores the use of vectors to describe an object's position in a reference frame, the calculation of apparent diameters of celestial bodies, and the comparison of positions and displacements of objects over time. The lecture concludes with discussions on trajectories, the conservation of energy, and the calculation of work and kinetic energy.