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This lecture covers the concept of heart rate variability (HRV) and its regulation mechanisms, including the Valsalva maneuver. It explains how HRV is influenced by factors such as blood flow, ejection volume, and arterial pressure. The instructor discusses the application of known pressures on arteries and the propagation of arterial pressure to external sensors. Various empirical models and viscoelastic properties related to pressure deformation are also explored.