This lecture by the instructor covers the vital recycling chain, closed-loop recycling, and the cost of waste in hospitals. It also delves into group work on recycling multilayer pharmaceutical packaging, including the development of a novel polypropylene-based infusion bag and a recycling pilot study. The lecture discusses collection and sorting logistics, compatibilisation of materials, and the economics of recycling and secondary application. Furthermore, it explores life cycle assessment, inventory, and the environmental design of pharmaceutical bags, emphasizing factors such as material reliability, cost minimization, and environmental impact.