Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics

This lecture discusses examples of adiabatic transformations, focusing on the concept of adiabatic processes where the system does not exchange heat with the surroundings. Through examples like the Joule expansion and gas lighter experiments, the instructor explains how rapid transformations lead to changes in internal energy and temperature. The lecture emphasizes the importance of adiabatic conditions in achieving specific outcomes, such as igniting a cotton ball in a gas lighter. It also explores the effects of adiabatic compression and expansion on the internal energy and temperature of a system, showcasing practical demonstrations to illustrate these principles.