This lecture covers advanced MPI functions, including datatypes, communicators, and I/O. Topics include basic and derived MPI datatypes in C and Fortran, creating new datatypes, pack/unpack data, MPI groups and communicators, persistent communications, one-sided communications, memory allocation, and virtual topologies. The lecture also discusses non-blocking collectives, one-sided communication, and MPI I/O, emphasizing the importance of using collectives for better performance.