Lecture
This lecture covers the operation and characteristics of amplifiers, including op-amp configurations, amplifier gain, usage of dBs, voltage and current amplifier models, and realistic models of different amplifier types. It also discusses the concepts of voltage adder, impedance at a node, op-amp nonidealities, and the effects of DC offsets. Furthermore, it delves into the frequency response of amplifiers, speed limitations, bandwidth and gain tradeoff, slew rate of op-amp, maximum op-amp swing, and the determination of the 'region of operation' in MOSFET circuits. The lecture concludes with a detailed explanation of MOS differential pairs, common-mode response, small-signal and large-signal analysis, and examples of MOS cascode stages and current mirrors.