Effective Field Theory: Universal Description at Low Energies

This lecture delves into the concept of effective field theory (EFT), focusing on its application to the standard model. The instructor explains the systematic approximation of the standard model through the Fermi Effective Theory, highlighting the emergence of various effective field theories within the standard model. The lecture emphasizes the importance of EFT as a powerful calculational tool, applicable across different fields of physics. The discussion covers the interpretation of irrelevant operators, the hierarchy problem, and the interplay between renormalization and power counting in EFT. The lecture also touches upon the challenges of renormalizing non-renormalizable theories and the implications of loops in EFT.