This lecture covers the fundamentals of combinatorics in the context of linear algebra, exploring topics such as the number of subsets, ways to choose elements, and properties of selections. The instructor demonstrates how to calculate the number of ways to choose elements among a set and explains the concept of 'throwing away' selected elements. Through examples and properties, the lecture illustrates the process of selecting objects and the resulting possibilities. The lecture concludes with a detailed explanation of constructing a table using combinatorial principles and applying them to solve problems.