This lecture covers the concept of Cartesian product in linear algebra, explaining how it involves creating pairs of elements from two sets, and how it relates to points on a plane. The instructor demonstrates the Cartesian product notation and its application in set theory. The lecture also delves into the method of induction, showing how to use it to prove propositions for positive integers. Through examples and proofs, the lecture illustrates the process of verifying propositions using induction, emphasizing the importance of base cases and recursive steps.