The Role of Operating Systems: Foundations and Functions

This lecture introduces the fundamental role of operating systems in computer systems. It begins by defining what an operating system is and why it is essential for modern computing. The instructor emphasizes that operating systems are ubiquitous, running on devices from smartphones to laptops, and are crucial for managing hardware resources and enabling applications. The lecture covers the historical context of operating systems, referencing key figures like Alan Turing and John von Neumann, and explains the von Neumann architecture. It discusses the unique characteristics of operating systems, including their continuous operation and the need for trust, as they manage sensitive data and isolate applications. The lecture also highlights the importance of hardware foundations, including the memory management unit and CPU privileges, which allow for efficient resource management. Finally, the instructor outlines the operating system's three main roles: as a referee, illusionist, and glue, which collectively facilitate the execution of applications and the management of system resources.