Thermodynamics: Principles and Applications

This lecture covers fundamental concepts in thermodynamics, focusing on the first principle and its applications. It begins with an introduction to characteristic variables of studied systems, emphasizing the relationship between pressure and depth. The instructor discusses Archimedes' principle and the concept of intensive and extensive properties. The lecture then delves into equations of state, partial and total differentials, and their significance in thermodynamic systems. The instructor explains the importance of defining the system and its boundaries, distinguishing between isolated, closed, and open systems. Various types of thermodynamic transformations are introduced, including isothermal, isobaric, and adiabatic processes. The lecture culminates in a detailed explanation of the first principle of thermodynamics, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. The instructor illustrates these concepts with practical examples, such as the behavior of gases in pistons and the implications of energy exchanges in thermodynamic systems. Overall, the lecture provides a comprehensive overview of thermodynamic principles and their relevance in physical systems.