Resource Constraints: Beyond Physical and Economic Limits

This lecture explores the various constraints on resource availability beyond physical and economic limits, including environmental regulations, ESG criteria, political factors, and supply chain disruptions. It discusses the impact of extraction restrictions on reserves, the decrease in reserves due to increasing environmental requirements, and the concentration of energy transition minerals production. The lecture also highlights China's power crisis affecting magnesium prices and supply chains. It concludes by emphasizing that non-renewable resources are not a significant constraint on economic growth compared to environmental degradation, which can lead to political dependence.