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This lecture covers the basic principles of retrosynthesis, focusing on the systematic disconnection of specific molecules to target molecules, aiming for high yields and selectivity. The process involves rectifying features, considering the nature and number of atoms, and the size/topology of the molecules. The lecture also discusses the importance of protecting groups in chemoselectivity and efficient reactions, emphasizing the need for properties that resist various conditions. Additionally, it explores the concept of selective reduction and the role of functional groups in the synthesis process.