This lecture covers the implementation of three-factor rules in the brain for reinforcement learning, focusing on the role of dopamine as the 'Third Factor'. It discusses how neural networks learn by reward, the concept of actor-critic structures in the brain, and the impact of synaptic plasticity on connection strength. The lecture also explores the influence of neuromodulators like dopamine as the Third Factor for synaptic changes, emphasizing the global signal it provides for all synapses. Additionally, it delves into the role of dopamine in broadcasting reward signals and predicting expected rewards, highlighting its significance in the learning process.