Lecture
This lecture explores swirling flow phenomena in water engineering, focusing on vortex fluid dynamics and its applications in civil engineering. Examples include swirls at intakes, vortex dropshaft structures, and groundwater transfer systems. The secondary flow field of free surface vortices is also discussed, along with the classification and characteristics of vortices. Various case studies and numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the impact of swirling flows on hydraulic structures and erosion. The lecture concludes with an overview of measures to mitigate plunge pool erosion due to vortex flow.