Lecture
This lecture covers the concept of thermal fluctuations in gases, explaining how random microscopic motion leads to macroscopic pressure. It discusses the kinetic energy distribution of gas molecules, the ideal gas law, and the Boltzmann distribution. The lecture also explores the strength of various bonds, including covalent, hydrogen, hydrophobic, and van der Waals interactions, highlighting their resistance to thermal fluctuations. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of these interactions in biological processes and cellular dynamics.