Sequencing: Sanger and Illumina

This lecture covers the principles of Sanger sequencing, explaining the use of ddNTP terminators to terminate DNA extension. It also discusses the limitations of Sanger sequencing, such as the need for electrophoresis and sequencing one fragment at a time. The lecture then introduces newer methods like Illumina sequencing, which allows real-time sequencing by overcoming the terminator limitation and enables massive parallel sequencing. The advantages of Illumina sequencing are highlighted, including DNA amplification on a surface producing clonal clusters. The lecture concludes by comparing the throughput and cost of different sequencing technologies.