Diffraction: Fraunhofer vs Fresnel

This lecture covers the concepts of Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, explaining the differences between near field and far field observations. It discusses the diffraction patterns produced by diffracting objects, the effects of lens focusing, and the characteristics of circular and rectangular apertures. The lecture also delves into the electromagnetic waves produced by oscillating charges, the diffraction and scattering of x-rays by crystals, and the process of transforming diffraction images into protein structures.