Fourier Optics: Wavefront Analysis

This lecture covers the principles of Fourier optics, starting with a review of diffraction and the Huygens-Fresnel principle. It then delves into the Fourier analysis, explaining how any function can be represented by harmonic functions. The lecture explores the Fourier transform, providing examples of its application in optics. It discusses the diffraction patterns of 2D objects, Babinet's principle, and the mathematical description of Fourier analysis. The concept of diffraction as a Fourier transform is explained, along with Abbe image formation. The lecture concludes with a note on optical tricks for creating Gaussian beams and a summary of the key concepts covered.