This lecture covers the mechanisms of a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), focusing on scheduler mechanisms such as preemption, suspension, and priority inheritance. It explains how tasks are managed based on priorities and how resources are accessed using semaphores. The lecture also discusses the use of mutexes for managing critical resources and communication between tasks through mechanisms like mailboxes and events. Additionally, it explores the concept of messages for creating client-server structures and emphasizes the importance of proper system structuring to improve performance and avoid bugs in RTOS.