This lecture discusses the architecture of a project using GTKmm4, focusing on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern. The instructor explains how to manage graphical elements and user interactions while ensuring the independence of the model from the graphical library. Key components include the main function, which handles command-line inputs, and the model that simulates the application independently of the graphical interface. The lecture emphasizes the importance of a low-level module for error messaging and a generic shape module for drawing basic shapes. The visualization aspect is covered, detailing how to group GTKmm dependencies for drawing entities defined in the shape module. The instructor also introduces the concept of a timer for event handling and discusses how to refresh the graphical display without introducing dependencies in the model. The lecture concludes with practical examples of implementing drawing functions and managing context pointers to facilitate drawing operations without compromising the model's independence from GTKmm.