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This lecture delves into the concept of Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) and the challenges faced in scaling content distribution efficiently. The instructor discusses the evolution from transparent caches to CDNs, the emergence of CDNs like Akamai, and the debate surrounding CDNs replicating network functionality. The lecture explores the proposal of content-centric networks, where content names are used for routing, and the potential benefits and challenges of this approach. Additionally, the discussion touches on the issues of layer duplication, backward compatibility, and the value of upgrading IP routers to handle content distribution efficiently.