This lecture focuses on the resources involved in energy systems, including primary energy sources like oil, gas, wind, solar, and biomass, the shift in energy forms over time, the distinction between renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and the potential future energy system. It discusses the historical use of biomass, coal, oil, and gas, the emergence of renewables like solar, wind, and biomass, and the increasing energy demand. The lecture also explores the differences between renewable and non-renewable resources, emphasizing the finite nature of non-renewables like coal, oil, and gas, and the renewable nature of wind and solar energy sources.