This lecture discusses the law of large numbers applied to probability theory, focusing on the convergence of the average of independent random variables to the expected value. It explores the relationship between empirical frequencies and theoretical probabilities, emphasizing the role of sample size in making accurate statements about random processes. The lecture also covers the distribution of the arithmetic mean and the statistical convergence of random variables. Practical examples and visualizations are used to illustrate the concepts, providing a comprehensive understanding of the law of large numbers in the context of probability theory.