This lecture explores the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis through redox regulation, focusing on ER functions, protein folding, Ca²+ storage, and quality control. Ryo Ushioda discusses the role of ERdj5 as an ER-resident disulfide reductase, highlighting its significance in protein quality control and redox regulation. The lecture delves into the interplay between ER homeostasis, protein quality control, and Ca²+ regulation, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying ER maintenance. Additionally, the impact of ERdj5 deficiency on mitochondrial morphology, cytosolic calcium concentration, and apoptosis is examined, providing insights into the broader implications of ER homeostasis regulation.