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This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of neural cell membrane dynamics, including the structure and function of neurons, the role of ion channels in membrane potential, and the generation of action potentials. It also discusses the passive and active properties of neurons, the mechanisms behind the resting potential, and the propagation of action potentials along axons. The instructor explains the importance of myelination in increasing conduction velocity and the design considerations for bioelectronic interfaces. The lecture concludes with an overview of the state-of-the-art neural interfaces and the architecture of implantable bioelectronic systems.