Capacitance and Dielectrics

This lecture covers the concepts of capacitance and dielectrics, starting with the derivation of the capacitance formula for a parallel plate capacitor. The instructor explains the relationship between potential difference, charge distribution, and distance in a capacitor. The use of capacitors in pressure sensors is discussed, highlighting how changes in pressure affect the voltage drop. The concept of dielectric constant is introduced, showing how inserting a dielectric material enhances capacitance. The energy stored in a capacitor is derived, emphasizing the role of electric field and volume in energy density calculations.