This lecture covers the properties of nanoparticles, colloids, and soft materials, focusing on the motion of particles, forces in colloidal dispersions, and the stabilization mechanisms such as electrostatic and steric stabilization. It also discusses the influence of ions on the zeta potential, DLVO interactions, and the thickness of the polymer brush for steric stabilization. The presentation includes practical examples of colloids in daily life and the assembly of particles into colloidal crystals.