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This lecture delves into the complexation of metal cations with ligands other than water, exploring factors influencing the stability of complexes, the hard-soft concept for metals and ligands, and the formulation of stability constants. Through exercises and examples, the instructor illustrates how to calculate metal speciation in contaminated wetland soils and in the presence of various ligands. The lecture also covers the distribution functions of metal complexes, the chelating effect of ligands, and the role of EDTA in preventing metal precipitation. Additionally, it discusses the speciation of metals in natural waters, the impact of natural organic matter on metal complexation, and a simple model for metal speciation in freshwater systems.