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This lecture covers the concept of failure criteria in structures and machines, focusing on the Von Mises criterion. It explains failure as any change that prevents a structure or machine from fulfilling its purpose, emphasizing the significance of plastic deformation between the elastic limit and fracture. The instructor discusses the yield stress, safety factors, maximum expected stress, and the Von Mises criterion for ductile materials. The lecture also delves into stress analysis, the state of constraint, and the graphical representation of failure criteria. Practical examples and calculations are provided to illustrate the application of the Von Mises criterion in determining material failure.