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This lecture covers the microscopic mechanisms of low-temperature plasticity, deformation of polycrystalline metals, work hardening, load surface evolution, and the principles of maximum work. It also discusses the mechanics of plastic flow, single crystal plasticity, sliding systems, and the activation of multiple sliding systems. The lecture delves into the stages of strain hardening, the role of dislocations, and the impact of geometrically necessary dislocations in polycrystalline materials. Additionally, it explores the incompatibility of deformation induced by rigid inclusions, the behavior of dislocations near grain boundaries, and the density of dislocations in ductile phases. The presentation concludes with a discussion on the Hall-Petch grain size dependency of the limit in plastic strain stress.