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This lecture covers the different layers of a road pavement, the distinction between flexible and rigid pavements, the materials used, and the impact of traffic on pavement design. The instructor explains the concept of equivalent axle loads, the importance of considering heavy traffic, and the calculation methods for determining pavement thickness based on traffic loads. The lecture also delves into the factors affecting pavement degradation, such as axle configurations, load distribution, and the effects of overloading. Various procedures for estimating traffic loads and the evolution of traffic patterns over time are discussed, emphasizing the need for accurate traffic data for pavement design.