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This lecture covers the basics of audio engineering, focusing on the transduction process from mechanical to electrical signals in microphones. It explains the behavior of pressure and pressure gradient microphones under different acoustic conditions, emphasizing the importance of impedance matching. The lecture also delves into the concept of mixed action microphones, discussing their acoustic schemes and directivity control. By the end, students will have a solid understanding of the fundamental principles behind various types of microphones and their applications in audio engineering.